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内容: For example, early environments in which nutrition and social stimula瑃ion are inadequate can permanently stunt children's growth and impair their intellectual development.in sum. The shape ups canalization principle is a simple idea梐nd yet a very useful one that moncler clothing illustrates that there arc multiple pathways along which an individual might develop. Nature and nurture combine to determine these pathways, and eithergcncs or envi瑀onment may limit the extent to which the other factor can influence development. Irving gottesman makes the same points about gene influences in a slightly different way in his own theory of gcnotypc/cnvironmcnt interactions (discussed in the following scction).the range-of-reaction principleaccording to gottesman (1963), genes typically do not rigidly canalize behavior. Instead, an individual genotype establishes a moncler jackets range of possible responses to different kinds of life experiences: the so-callcd range-of-reaction principle. In other words. Gottesman claims that a genotype sets boundaries on the range of possible phenotypes that one might display in response to skechers different environments. An important moncler jacket corollary is that because people differ geneti琧ally. No two individuals should respond in precisely the same way to any particular environment.the concept of reaction range, as applied to intel琹ectual performance, is illustrated in figure 3.16. here wc sec the effects of varying degrees of moncler environmen瑃al enrichment on the iqs of three children: juan, who has high genetic potential for intellectual development; tony, whose genetic endowment for Miami Dolphins Jerseys intelligence is av琫rage; skechers shoes and freddie, whose potential for intellectual growth is far below average. Notice that under similar environmental conditions. Juan always outperforms the other two children. Juan also has the widest reaction range, in that his iq might vary from well below aver琣ge in a restricted environment to far above average in an enriched environment. As is expected. Freddie has a very limited reaction range: his potential shape ups shoes for intellectual development is low, and, as a result, he shows smaller variation in iq across environments than do the other two children.in sum. The rangc-of-rcaction principle is a moncler coats clear statement about the interplay between heredity and environment. Presumably, one's genotype sets a range of possible outcomes for any particular attribute, and the environment largely influences where, within that range, he or she will fall. Attributes ami competencies that individuals display